Governance Structure Influence Pension †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Governance Structure Influence Pension. Answer: Introduction: According the Corporation Law of Australia, the directors of the company have duties toward their company and employees. They have the same duties like the other directors duty in every country. They have duties of loyally and the duty of care to the company and the employees. The board member of the company appoints directors where they have duties of care and diligence toward the company and employee (Knepper et al. 2016). They must have good faith for the best interest of the company. They must have avoided the conflict of interest and solved the conflicts. They must use their position in proper way (Wolfe 2014). When and whenever they need to give proper information they must provide that to the company and as well as towards the employee. As per the given article of directors warned after boss jailed the agency theory defines the relationship between the principals and the agent in business (Welsh et al. 2013). The theory only concerned with the resolving the problems between the agent who are related to the shareholders and company executives. As per the agency theory, the directors are the agent and the shareholders are the principals. Agent theory always manages the financial responsibilities, which generate the wealth of the shareholders (Welsh et al. 2013). The directors have duties and responsibilities of both the statutory and common law. If the directors mislead any statements at the time buying the shares or participate to any other market rigging then it will be breach of their duty. When they falsify the share records or any other records, which is related to the company or insolvent trading then they must act the offence under the corporation act. As per the article directors warned after boss jailed, Company directors are on notice about the prospect of hefty penalties if they fail to meet their legal duties. Andrew Sigalla , a former chairman of Sydney-based technology company sTZ Ltd, was found guilty in November last year of 24 counts of defrauding the company. The Sydney Grammar old boy stole almost $9 million from the company, which, the court heard, he used to funds, feed a gambling addiction, and repay a $10 million mortgage. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) have the power and enforcement to proceed against the criminal offence by the directors. If the directors found guilty for an offense, as per the Sec- 184 they can face the financial penalty upto 2000 units or imprisonment up to five years. If they found the criminal offence in trading, they can face the financial penalty upto 4500 unit or imprisoned up to five years (Welsh et al. 20 13). The principal agent problems occur when there is any conflicts take place and contrary with the principals of the agents (Wolfe 2014). When the parties have different interest and asymmetric information related to the financial and political issues of the company then they have some conflict. However, the board members of the company can solve the issues. If any directors found guilty for a criminal offense, which affects not only the company but also the financial stages, and share market then the board member can take legal actions against that director for dishonesty and breach the duty of care (Zhang et al. 2017). Board diversity is a place where the board members of the company make the structure of the organization. As per the corporate governance, the board of directors forms the pillars of the company. In board meetings, they ensure the strategic guidance of the company. As per the guidance, it will give the benefits to the company (Deegan 2013). In diversity, there are many people make their presence with different thinking. The different factors of age, race, gender, educational background and professional qualification of the directors make the board less equivalent (Sztompka 2014). When company appoints a director, they must carry some important quality. As per the Corporation Act 2001 in Australia, the person must complete the 18 years and citizen of the Australia (Antonelli, D'Alessio and Cuomo 2017). They must have the consent of the position of directors. As per the ASIC or the court of the Australian government, a person may prohibit taking a position of director if he breached the Corporation Act (Sztompka 2014). Without the order of the court, they have no right to become the director of any company (Meutia and Febrianti 2017). Company can have more than one director. The proprietary company must have at least one director and who is the citizen of the country (Neubaum et al. 2017). For the public company there must have minimum of three directors and citizen of the Australia (Deegan 2013). If any person has, an undercharged bankrupt or convicted various dishonesty related offenses he may not eligible to be a director (Pratheepkanth, Hettihewa and Wright 2016). The Stewardship Theory is applied as an alternative view of agency theory where the managers or the directors must act as per their own self-interests at the expenses of the shareholders whereas, the Stakeholder Theory define the organizational management and business ethics which helps to maintain the moral values of any company (Pratheepkanth, Hettihewa and Wright 2016). As per the given statement, through the Stewardship and stakeholders theory the directors and the board members can manage the managements of the company (Meutia and Febrianti 2017). These specifies some mechanism which increase the loss of agencys executive compensation, levels of benefits and the incentive schemes by giving the reward through financially or offering shares which help to motivate the employees for better performance (Antonelli, D'Alessio and Cuomo 2017). Therefore, the above-mentioned theories actually formed for the framework of management in any company where the board members of the company app oint the directors through their merits and organize the company (Neubaum et al. 2017). Corporate Governance is fundamental for the success of any business organization. It is considered as a mode of attaining the goals of the organization. Every organization must adopt a good governance policy to ensure that the operations of the company is not only benefitting the members of the organization and but also the society as a whole (Tricker and Tricker 2015). Family ownership business may be looked upon either as an opportunity or a threat, depending on various factors. The ownership and commitment to the business by the family may add value to the company provided the family controlling the business is able to respond to the concerns of the investor community. Corporate governance is evaluated around certain significant theoretical frameworks of which the most essential theories are the resource dependency theory and stewardship theory. The resource dependence theory refers to the study of how the behavior of the organization is influenced or affected by the external resources of organization. The basic proposition of resource dependence theory is that there must be an environmental connection between the outside resources and the business organization. The directors of the organization must prevent the firm from any critical environmental uncertainty. The organizations rely on sources and such sources usually originate from the environment of an organization. Now, the environment includes other organizations, therefore, the needs of one organization are often in the hands of the other organizations (Hiller 2013). Since organizations depend on multidimensional resources such as capital, raw material the organizations may not be able to find out any alternate initiatives for all the multiple sources, therefore an organization should adopt the principle of scarcity and criticality. Resource dependence concerned beyond the external organizations that distributes, provided compete or finance a firm. Although executive decisions are more important than non-executive decisions, the organizational impact is greater in case of the latter. The managers of the organization are aware that the success of an organization depends on the demand of the customers (Watson et al. 2016). The stewardship theory refers to the theory that managers shall act responsible stewards with respect to the assets of the company over which the managers exercise their control. A steward may be defined as a person who safeguards and cater to the needs of others. Under the stewardship theory, the company executives safeguard the interests of the shareholders and the owners and usually take decisions on behalf of the same. This theory aims at obtaining satisfaction of the shareholders of the company (Tan and Cam 2015). Stewardship modeled based companies include environment concerns as well where the company aims at carrying out its business operations without having any drastic adverse effect on the environment. In case of family owned business, the shareholders and the creditors may not trust the companies completely owing to the probable risks relating to the misuse of rights of other shareholders. Under family owned business, where the motive of the members of the business should be to act in a way that its members are benefitted. However, such type of business suffers from inherent risks such as highly concentrated ownership, absence of accountability, poor transparency and absence of fairness principle which leads to abuse of the rights of the minor shareholders. As mentioned in the article, Joseph Gutnick have been alleged to have hidden assets of the family owned business from his future creditors ahead of the bankruptcy. The main objective for family owned business should be adoption of effective corporate governance conditions in order to retain the positive aspects of family ownership to ensure addressal and recognition of the investors interests. In Australia, both member representation and independence are considered as essential features for the pension fund boards. The trustee and the directors of a business organization are solely responsible for the management of a regulated superannuation fund. They are obligated to exercise a professional standard of care, diligence and skill. The variety of decisions that is required to be made by the superannuation trustee and its directors must include the discretions pertaining to the investment of fund assets, the management of risk and the provision of insured benefits (Madison et al. 2016). The superannuation funds operate as trusts with trustees who are responsible for the operation of their funds and in developing and executing an investment strategy (Coffee Jr, Sale and Henderson 2015). The superannuation trustees are under statutory obligation to make sure that the superannuation monies are prudently invested and consideration is given liquidity and diversification. A very few specific provisions in the Superannuation industry laid down under the Supervision Act 1993, are subject to investment exposure flaws or any asset requirement. There is neither any government guarantee of benefits nor any minimum rate of return requirements; however, there are very few minor limitations on the use and borrowing of investments and derivatives in the property and shares of employer sponsors of funds. The Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 outlines the rules and regulations that must be complied with by any superannuation fund that is the funds must adhere to the rules stipulated in the Act. The government should criminal and civil penalties for the directors of the company who fail to discharge their duties and perform their respective functions in the best interest of the members of the organization. The directors should be entitled to civil and criminal penalties if they misuse their position or take unfair advantage of their positions to the detrimental of the members of the organization (Biesenthal and Wilden 2014). In the given article, the Australian Council of Superannuation Investors claimed that the directors had sufficient time to include women directors in the Board but failed to do so which is inconsistent with the Act. The directors are legally obligated to give more priority to the interest of the business organization than to their personal interests, in the event there arises any conflict of interest while carrying out the operation of the business organization. In order to ensure that appropriate arrangements are made for dealing with the any conflict of interest that may arise out of the business operations, every director must disclose their respective interests. Reference Antonelli, V., D'Alessio, R. and Cuomo, F., 2017. Beyond Stakeholders Theory: Financial reporting and voluntary disclosure in Italian SME according to a System dynamics point of view.Economia Aziendale Online,7(4), pp.285-304 Biesenthal, C. and Wilden, R., 2014. Multi-level project governance: Trends and opportunities.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1291-1308. Coffee Jr, J.C., Sale, H. and Henderson, M.T., 2015. Securities regulation: Cases and materials Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), pp.287-301. Knepper, W.E., Bailey, D.A., Bowman, K.B., Eblin, R.L. and Lane, R.S., 2016.Duty of Loyalty(Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Madison, K., Holt, D.T., Kellermanns, F.W. and Ranft, A.L., 2016. Viewing family firm behavior and governance through the lens of agency and stewardship theories.Family Business Review,29(1), pp.65-93. Meutia, I. and Febrianti, D., 2017. Islamic Social Reporting in Islamic Banking: Stakeholders Theory Perspective. InSHS Web of Conferences(Vol. 34). EDP Sciences. Neubaum, D.O., Thomas, C.H., Dibrell, C. and Craig, J.B., 2017. Stewardship climate scale: An assessment of reliability and validity.Family Business Review, p.0894486516673701. Pratheepkanth, P., Hettihewa, S. and Wright, C.S., 2016. Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: The Case of Australia and Sri Lanka.Corporate Governance,7(1). Shi, W., Connelly, B.L. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2016. External corporate governance and financial fraud: Cognitive evaluation theory insights on agency theory prescriptions.Strategic Management Journal. Sztompka, P., 2014.Agency and Structure (RLE Social Theory): Reorienting Social Theory. Routledge. Tan, M.G. and Cam, M.A., 2015. Does governance structure influence pension fund fees and costs? An examination of Australian not-for-profit superannuation funds.Australian Journal of Management,40(1), pp.114-134. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Watson, J., Delaney, J., Dempsey, M. and Wickramanayake, J., 2016. Australian superannuation (pension) fund product ratings and performance: A guide for fund managers.Australian Journal of Management,41(2), pp.189-211. Welsh, D.H., Memili, E., Rosplock, K., Roure, J. and Segurado, J.L., 2013. Perceptions of entrepreneurship across generations in family offices: A stewardship theory perspective.Journal of Family Business Strategy,4(3), pp.213-226. Wolfe, R.P., 2014. The Fiduciary Duty of Directors and Officers Under the Louisiana Business Corporation Act of 2014.Loy. L. Rev.,60, p.523. Zhang, F., Wei, L., Yang, J. and Zhu, L., 2017. Roles of Relationships Between Large Shareholders and Managers in Radical Innovation: A Stewardship Theory Perspective.Journal of Product Innovation Management.

Terrorism, poverty and financial instability

International Relations Terrorism and International Crime Terrorism is the use of violence to instil fear in people. Terrorist activities, which are common around the world, can be eliminated through co-operation of the world powers. While some countries seek to apprehend those who perpetrate terrorist activities, other countries harbour and protect them. This conflict is not effective in the quest to ensure world security (Chadwick 25).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Terrorism, poverty and financial instability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Terrorism is not a new phenomenon as it has been present throughout the history of humankind. However, different forms of terrorism are defined by the cause behind the act. Terrorist activities are perpetrated to compel the affected parties to comply with the demands of the terrorists. Since the terrorists do not have enough resources to confront their enemies, they use a method of ambush and secrecy. In most cases, if the terrorist’s demands are ignored, the confrontation ends in a conflict. However, in other cases, the terrorists achieve their aim if their sole intention is to instil fear (Laqueur 16). Global Poverty and Development Poverty is a global problem with complex and intertwined adverse effects. In some situations, poverty has existed throughout the history of the concerned society. There is a great risk of conflict if the situation persists. Competition for resources in an unfavourable environment eventually results in armed conflicts. Some of the conflicts in the developing countries caused by the instability and poverty in the third world countries. Thus, persistent poverty is a risk of political and social instability. Poverty is also a crisis since it presents a difficult situation (Townsend 54). Co-operation among countries of the world creates a large free market for commodities. This facilitates distribution of wealth, and reduces the gap between the rich and the poor. The efforts to eradicate poverty should include formation of a specialised body to identify the poverty-stricken areas, and find an appropriate solution. Combination of efforts by international bodies in an effort to eradicate poverty, gives them a greater power to deal with the situation. However, the great power and influence brought by the cooperation between agencies poses a political risk (Collier 32). This unified force can control the political course of a needy region. Since the political situation of a country affects generation of wealth, the power of the agencies may widen the gap between the rich and poor people.Advertising Looking for critical writing on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Global Financial Instability Global financial crises started in 2007 and continued for four years with mild responses from individual governments. W hen the financial recession died down in the year twenty twelve, the world’s economic activities are returning to normal after stabilisation of the capital markets. However, the current stability is at a risk of disruption by another financial crisis due to the lack of long-term solution to the crisis (Lomborg 37). Measures taken during the crisis were immediate counteractive measures to restore financial stability. The world powers, which make up the G20, and lending organisations like the international monetary fund, cannot develop a solution to influence the world economy positively. This is because these institutions are committed to their own security and financial stability. The only solution to this problem lies with individual powers such as the United States, which can influence the world economy easily. Their sound economic planning will reduce the chances of another global financial crisis. The continued investments of the governments in the private market are incr easing insecurity of the global financial market (Acharya et al 25). Consequently, the government cannot regulate the capital markets when it has heavily invested in such schemes as the hedge funds. Works Cited Acharya, Viral V., and Matthew Richardson. Restoring financial stability: how to repair a failed system. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons, 2009. Print. Chadwick, Elizabeth. Self-determination, terrorism, and the international humanitarian law of armed conflict. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1996. Print. Collier, Paul. The bottom billion: why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Laqueur, Walter. The new terrorism: fanaticism and the arms of mass destruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Print.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Terrorism, poverty and financial instability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lomborg, Bjà ¸rn . Global crises, global solutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. Townsend, Peter, and David Gordon. World poverty: new policies to defeat an old enemy. Bristol: Policy Press, 2002. Print. This critical writing on Terrorism, poverty and financial instability was written and submitted by user Abbey Ramsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Important Is It To Use Essay Samples For Graduate School Applications?

How Important Is It To Use Essay Samples For Graduate School Applications?Research has found that most students who apply to graduate schools in the sciences or humanities prefer writing an essay sample for their applications. Here are three basic reasons why you should write an essay sample.Writing an essay sample for grad school applications is a great way to give your first impression. Since most of the schools will be looking for these types of letters, it is important to create a strong impression with your application letter.These letters are a testament to your research abilities and in some cases can be used as a formal academic paper to support the university's requirements. When you submit an essay sample for grad school applications, it can act as an 'appendix' to your application essay. By writing the letters you show how you have the abilities to do research and that you are serious about your graduate program.Many universities allow you to use your own letters as sample s, but if you do not have access to the local library, a local library will be able to provide you with a letter of introduction. The local library is a good resource because many will offer loans and discount rates. You will need to choose a reputable local library so that you do not have to pay back the loan.Paper samples are created by hand and so the paper you receive may vary from the one that is provided by the school. This makes a difference when you are preparing for your paper and you want to have the most accurate copy possible. The most reliable source is your local library and this is the best place to get a list of sample papers.If you plan on submitting an essay sample for grad school applications, you may also include a cover letter, which should be personal and have the necessary information to appear unbiased. An essay sample for grad school applications does not need to be complicated, but instead should be simple and be convincing.With a variety of sample essays y ou can find online, you can easily create an essay sample for your graduate school application. You should choose the topic of your application carefully and have an eye for detail. Your essay should be able to stand on its own and capture your attention, but also portray your enthusiasm and dedication to your graduate program.

Cells1 essays

Cells1 essays The mitochondria has an egg shape structure. The mitochondria consists of an inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane is what shapes the organelle to its egg like shape. The inner membrane which folds inward makes a set of "shelves" or cristae that allow the reactions of the mitochondria to take place. The more the mitochondria makes these reactions the more the inner membrane folds. This happens because the mitochondria now has more surface area connecting it to its surroundings. The processes that the mitochondria make are to break down the high energy organic molecules into smaller more useful packages. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and channels that transport and with the help of ribosomes produce proteins. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes which are not present in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum allows the cell to produce proteins. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is used in the detoxification processes in the cell and the transitional endoplasmic reticulum is used to breakdown glycogen to glucose. The endoplasmic reticulum is versatile and grows and shrinks according to the cell's activities. Chloroplasts which are found in plant cells are used in the process of photosynthesis. They fall into the category of plastids but they are differentiated in that they contain chlorophyll. These organelles produce chemical reactions from the energy that the sun gives them. The Golgi complex's structure is made up of many flattened membranes sacs that are surrounded by tubules or vesicles. These are called the cisternae. The golgi complex accepts vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them for usage in the cell. The golgi complex is used to distribute materials which help form the cell membranes. They also assemble the membranous material by producing glycolipids and glycoproteins. The golgi complexes also hand...

How to Calculate Mass Percent Composition of a Compound

How to Calculate Mass Percent Composition of a Compound Mass percent composition of a molecule shows the amount each element in a molecule contributes to the total molecular mass. Each elements contribution is expressed as a percentage of the whole. This step by step tutorial will show the method to determine the mass percent composition of a molecule. An ExampleWith Potassium Ferricyanide Calculate the mass percent composition of each element in a potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6 molecule. The Solution Step 1: Find the atomic mass of each element in the molecule. The first step to finding mass percent is to find the atomic mass of each element in the molecule.K3Fe(CN)6 is made up of potassium (K), iron (Fe), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N).Using the periodic table:Atomic mass of K: 39.10 g/molAtomic mass of Fe: 55.85 g/molAtomic mass of C: 12.01 g/molAtomic mass of N: 14.01 g/mol​​ Step 2: Find the mass combination of each element. The second step is to determine the total mass combination of each element. Each molecule of KFe(CN)6 contains 3 K, 1 Fe, 6 C and 6 N atoms. Multiply these numbers by the atomic mass to get each elements mass contribution.Mass contribution of K 3 x 39.10 117.30 g/molMass contribution of Fe 1 x 55.85 55.85 g/molMass contribution of C 6 x 12.01 72.06 g/molMass contribution of N 6 x 14.01 84.06 g/mol​ Step 3: Find the total molecular mass of the molecule. The molecular mass is the sum of the mass contributions of each element. Simply add each mass contribution together to find the total.Molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 117.30 g/mol 55.85 g/mol 72.06 g/mol 84.06 g/molMolecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 329.27 g/mol​ Step 4: Find the mass percent composition of each element. To find the mass percent composition of an element, divide the mass contribution of the element by the total molecular mass. This number must then be multiplied by 100% to be expressed as a percent.Mass percent composition of K mass contribution of K/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of K 117.30 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of K 0.3562 x 100%Mass percent composition of K 35.62%Mass percent composition of Fe mass contribution of Fe/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 55.85 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 0.1696 x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 16.96%Mass percent composition of C mass contribution of C/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of C 72.06 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of C 0.2188 x 100%Mass percent composition of C 21.88%Mass percent composition of N mass contribution of N/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of N 84.06 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of N 0.2553 x 100%Mass percent composition of N 25.53%​ The Answer K3Fe(CN)6 is 35.62% potassium, 16.96% iron, 21.88% carbon and 25.53% nitrogen.It is always a good idea to check your work. If you add up all the mass percent compositions, you should get 100%.35.62% 16.96% 21.88% 25.53% 99.99%Where is the other .01%? This example illustrates the effects of significant figures and rounding errors. This example used two significant figures past the decimal point. This allows for an error on the order of  ±0.01. This examples answer is within these tolerances.

Countries with low birthrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Countries with low birthrates - Essay Example This report aims to highlight the changes in Italy and Germany’s population structure and the population policies I’d implement to achieve future sustainable growth levels. Italy’s population is expected to significantly decline from its current level of 61 million to around 55 million by 2050 (CIA, 2011). Italy’s current population growth rate stands at 0.42%. This will result in an aging population as life expectancy increases (currently 81 years) and birth rates fall (currently 9.18 births per 1000 of the population). Italy’s total fertility rate at 1.39 children per woman is also below the replacement level of 2.1. Only 13.8% of Italy’s population is under the age of 14, compared with 20.3% of its population who are over 65. Germany’s population has also started to decline by -0.208% from 82.5 million in 2004 to 81.47 million in 2011 (CIA, 2011). There are currently 8.3 births per 1,000 of the population and an average fertility ra te of 1.41 children. Germany also has a great population imbalance in which 13.3% of the population are under the age of 14, whilst 20.6% of the population is over 65.

Why must religion be based on faith rather than on knowledge Research Paper - 1

Why must religion be based on faith rather than on knowledge - Research Paper Example Are these thoughts about God born out of knowledge or out of strong faith? Philosophers contended that the infinity of God cannot be comprehended by the limited capacity of human beings to understand His greatness. Ancient and medieval philosophers have in fact attempted to empirically grasp God’s existence, albeit done purely through intellectual pursuits. Various theological positions were made and written. Augustine of Hippo, who hailed from North Africa and have converted from Manichaenism to Christianity, posited that thought credo ut intelligengiam or ‘I believe so that I may understand.† Such assert that human reason is essential only for those who possess faith and thus, human being’s rational capacity to reason is effective in obtaining general knowledge about the world and of God. He viewed that part of the innate nature of human being is to commit evil acts. This, for him, is integrated in the Divine plan which allowed persons to choose to do good or evil. The unbearable consequences of bad acts always made human beings choose do what is good. Advocate of naturalism perceived that God is everywhere. He is with nature and in the plurality of realities. They argued that God unify everything and can be known through the layers of emanation which flows with the Divine essence. Plato’s philosophy of idealism, on the other hand, made such epistemic principle that God is intangible, an impersonal entity encompassing the causes of all ideas. Plato professed that God is an abstract, timeless and unchanging reality. God is an absolute being and an eternal being (Plato, 2003). He professed that the perception of God separated the physical world from the intelligible realm (Plato, 2003). Thomas Aquinas (1993), also a medieval thinker, argued that theology is not an object of science and is only philosophically pursued by understanding the metaphysics of God’s existence. He however considered the divine thoughts are scribed in a sacred